We are engaged in research into the mechanism of viral infection and gene regulation. Many of the miRNAs together with plenty of genes are involved in viral infection and its pathogenesis. We focus on these miRNA profiles, gene regulation profiles, and the complexity between these two systems. Projects are supported by NSFC, Ministry of Education (P.R.C.) and Health Department of Hubei. Ongoing efforts are seeking to: 1) probe the influence of the HIV-1 encoded miRNAs during viral infection, particularly in latent infection; 2) apply small molecules such as small RNAs and peptides to regulate viral replication.